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Tocharian is underestimated. It was basically what dispelled the idea that Proto-Indo-European was divided into two parts: Centum/Satem.
This is already outdated. Linguists were quite convinced that Greek supposedly belonged to the same subgroup as Italic and Germanic, but the discovery of Tocharian, a Centum language, so far east in Mongolia was what made them reconsider the Centum/Satem division as indicative of origin. Mallory mentions this in his latest book.
Historically, linguists actually made a linguistic division between "Yamnaya and Western languages," or when they did, it was very vague. They simply grouped Greek (a Yamnaya language) with Italic, Celtic, and Germanic (Western languages), and Albanian/Armenian (Yamnaya languages) with Indo-Iranian/Slavic (Western languages).
If this Yamnaya/Western bifurcation had occurred as some here dream, it would have manifested itself immediately in language. And guess what? It never did. Some overly arrogant linguists are trying to force this division based on DNA, but historically there has never been a clear division between Yamnaya and Western languages as would have occurred if they occupied different zones.
This is the problem. And we already know that the first Western languages were simply Yamnaya who followed the rivers from Ukraine to Poland.
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>>18516110
The earliest wave of CWC into the West was primarily R-M269 also Probably the e R-M417 CW tribes were also speaking centum dialects But astimepassed, among the predominantly R-M417 tribes to the east, like Fatyanovo and its derivatives, the satem innovation arose and was adopted.
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>>18516110
Yamnaya have different subclades to bell beakers. Corded ware were nearly all R1a and it doesn’t matter if they have tiny amounts of R1b. Tribes of the day were paternalistic so genes = tribes/cultures. And any relations between R1a corded ware and later Celtic bell beaker R1b and Germanic R1b and I1 Nordic Bronze Age from autosomal dna simply denotes similar foundation stock of women, ie Northern European women.
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>>18516693
>Corded ware were nearly all R1a and it doesn’t matter if they have tiny amounts of R1b.
Wrong. R-P310 and R-L151 descend from R-L51 and that R-P310 and and R-L51 were found in Yamnaya and that R-L151 was found in Corded Ware in Papac et al.
Early CWC was just R1b Yamnaya