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> Afghanistan’s economy projected to grow by 4.3 percent in 2025, following 2.5 percent growth in 2024, marking a second year of recovery supported by low inflation, improved revenues, and returnee-driven demand. Growth has been led by agriculture, mining, construction, and services, while record return migration has boosted consumption but also intensified labor market pressures. Despite improving domestic revenues, declining external aid, a fragile banking sector, and a widening trade deficit continue to constrain the outlook. Rapid population growth, high youth unemployment, and limited economic participation of women remain key risks to sustaining inclusive and durable growth.