Thread #16962702
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>There are bacteria in your gut right now with tiny electric motors built into them. Each motor is 45 nanometers wide, about 2,000 times thinner than a human hair. It spins faster than a Formula 1 engine. After 50 years, scientists just cracked how it works. The motor spins a corkscrew-shaped tail so the bacterium can swim. At that tiny scale, water feels as thick as tar. Moving anywhere takes serious power. A single E. coli cell (the kind in your gut) spins its motor at 18,000 RPM. That beats modern Formula 1 engines, which redline around 15,000. Some bacteria in the ocean run theirs at 42,000 RPM, nearly triple.
You mean to tell me evolution did this?
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>>16962714
The efficiency is large thanks to pumping protons to produce a gradient of electrochemical potential.
By the way, halobacteria have bacteriorhodopsin which simply uses light to pump protons for the ATP synthase turbine (and sodium while they're at it.)
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>>16962702
idk why it's such a big deal to people we've already known for a while that mitochondria use a wheel powered with protons to stick phosphate to ADP
The question being, how did proteins did become so complex.
>You mean to tell me evolution did this?
That's what dumb people ask to imply something. no claim was made, something was observed. But someone who believe in god will immediatly jump to the conclusion that it's intelligent design, despite not having followed any clues.
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>>16962702
>>There are bacteria in your gut right now with tiny electric motors built into them. Each motor is 45 nanometers wide, about 2,000 times thinner than a human hair. It spins faster than a Formula 1 engine. After 50 years, scientists just cracked how it works. The motor spins a corkscrew-shaped tail so the bacterium can swim. At that tiny scale, water feels as thick as tar. Moving anywhere takes serious power. A single E. coli cell (the kind in your gut) spins its motor at 18,000 RPM. That beats modern Formula 1 engines, which redline around 15,000. Some bacteria in the ocean run theirs at 42,000 RPM, nearly triple.
interesting
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>>16962828
Good question, apparently:
A) Leaves absorb much of the green light too with other pigments (carotenoids) that feed back to the chlorophyll in a similar way, and with its inner tissues (spongy mesophyll) that are somewhat specialized in catching scattered green light
B) Photosynthesis is far more productive than regular phototrophy because the chlorophyll also recycle NADP- into NADPH used to synthesises sugars in the Calvin cycle, in fact the Calvin cycle generally feeds what the chlorophyll needs back to it. Halobacteria need a separate pathway (pentose phosphate) for NADPH
C) Photosynthesis breaks water molecules for protons/hydrogen while photoheterotrophs like halobacteria need the much rarer hydrogen sulfide or organic molecules and co that are easier to break
D) The proton pumping halobacteria do also pump sodium alongside H as mentioned, which is great for them (they're adapted for hypersaline environments) but not so good for the average plant (they use potassium instead and even halophytes can't handle the levels of sodium that would be needed I think)
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>>16962887
Interesting stuff.
Nevertheless, a thin layer of bacteriorhodopsin on the rear surface of a leaf would absorb a lot of light that otherwise have been lost, while reflecting red and blue light back for more chlorophyll based photosynthesis. Even a 10 percent gain would mean a lot in terms of crop yield.
And is the bacteriorhodopsin dependent on hydrogen sulfide?