>>16993019 it is not. there is no "faint young sun paradox" because its brightness remains quite the same through the most of its life. main luminosity of a star is defined only by its initial mass. the accumulating helium is not "obstacling waste that has to be compensated by increased fusion". no. just no. thinking we know enough about star behaviour from ~200 years of observation is laughable.
>>16995117 12,350 BC Event: Uncovered by analyzing radiocarbon spikes in ancient tree rings, this prehistoric solar particle storm is the largest known outburst from our Sun. Scientists estimate it was over 500 times more intense than the largest solar storm of the modern satellite era
>>16993019 Inside the sun hydrogen fuses into helium which is denser. That denser helium falls into the core because of gravity which grows bigger and speeds up the process. More gravity = more fusion. More and more helium fusion makes the sun grow brighter over time.
When the core gets heavy enough it allows fusion of 3 helium into carbon. Then heavier stars fuse carbon into oxygen and nitrogen called the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle then on to silicon and finally iron. Once it starts fusing iron the star collapses and explodes because iron fusion consumes more energy than it emits. The explosion happens because gravity pushing down into the core has no radiation pressure from energy being emitted through fusion which causes all the hydrogen and helium in the outer shell of the star to fall into the core, bounce off, and shred the star on its way out. The blast can either: leave behind the core as a white dwarf or neutron star tear the entire star into shreds leaving nothing fall into a black hole
Depending on conditions and mass of the star when it dies.